Internal Combustion Engines

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Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) are mechanical devices that convert the chemical energy stored in fuel into mechanical energy through a combustion process that occurs inside the engine. They are widely used in various vehicles and power equipment.

The operation of an ICE involves four strokes: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. In a typical four-stroke engine, the piston moves up and down within a cylinder. During the intake stroke, the piston moves downward, drawing in a mixture of air and fuel into the cylinder through an intake valve. The compression stroke follows, where the piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture to increase its pressure and temperature.

At the top of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites the compressed mixture, causing a rapid combustion or explosion. This explosion generates high pressure and temperature, forcing the piston back down with great force during the power or combustion stroke. This downward motion is converted into rotational motion through a connecting rod and crankshaft.

Finally, the exhaust stroke occurs as the piston moves upward again, expelling the burned gases through an exhaust valve. The process then repeats with the intake stroke, and the cycle continues.

ICEs can run on various fuels such as gasoline, diesel, or natural gas. They are commonly used in cars, motorcycles, trucks, airplanes, ships, and various industrial applications. While ICEs have been the primary power source for transportation for many years, there has been an increasing emphasis on developing alternative powertrain technologies, such as electric vehicles, due to concerns about pollution and climate change.

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