6th class science project

🔦 1. Observation of Shadows

• Do all objects form shadows?
  No. Only opaque and translucent objects form shadows. Transparent objects do not block light and don’t form shadows.

• Can you guess the size of an object from its shadow?
  Not exactly. The shadow size changes depending on the distance between the object and the light source, not just the actual size of the object.

💡 2. Transmission of Light

Make a model using torch and different materials:

• Opaque Objects: Block all light (e.g., cardboard). → Form dark shadows

• Transparent Objects: Let all light pass (e.g., glass). → No shadow

• Translucent Objects: Let some light pass (e.g., butter paper). → Faint shadows

Also observe:

• Object position affects the size and sharpness of the shadow.

• Closer to light = bigger shadow, farther = smaller shadow

🔁 3. Reflection of Light (Using Mirror)

• A mirror reflects light back.

• Make a model using a flashlight and a small mirror.

• Observe the:

  • Incident Ray (light going to the mirror)

  • Reflected Ray (light bouncing off)

  • Normal Line (imaginary line at 90° to the mirror)

• Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

📸 4. Pinhole Camera

Make a simple pinhole camera using:

• A cardboard box

• Aluminum foil with a tiny pinhole

• Butter paper or tracing paper as a screen

Learn:

• Light travels in a straight line

• Image appears inverted on the screen

• Advantages: Simple, doesn’t need a lens

• Disadvantages: Needs bright light, produces dim and small image

🔭 5. Periscope

Make a periscope using:

• Two mirrors at 45° angles inside a tube

Understand:

• Light reflects twice

• Helps see over or around obstacles
  Applications: Used in submarines, tanks, and by soldiers

🧪 6. Sedimentation, Decantation & Filtration

Make a model:

• Mix soil in water. Let it settle → Sedimentation

• Pour clean water out carefully → Decantation

• Use filter paper to separate particles → Filtration

Learn:

• Filter paper traps solid particles and lets liquid pass.

🔋 7. Electric Torch with Switch

Make a simple circuit using:

• Battery, wires, bulb, and a switch

Learn:

• Circuit: Path for electricity to flow

• Open circuit = bulb OFF

• Closed circuit = bulb ON

• Understand bulb parts, terminals of battery, and how switch works

⚡ 8. Conductor & Insulator

Build a circuit and test materials:

• Conductors: Allow electricity (metal, water)

• Insulators: Don’t allow electricity (plastic, rubber)

• Try different objects and see if the bulb lights up

🔄 9. Periodic & Circular Motion

Make a model:

• Pendulum for periodic motion (back and forth)

• Spinning object for circular motion (wheel or ball on string)

Learn:

• Time period: Time for one complete swing

• Understand gravity and how it affects motion

💧 10. Conductivity Test in Liquids

Activity:

• Connect wires, battery, buzzer, and place the ends in different liquids.

Observe:

• Saltwater and lemon juice conduct electricity → buzzer sounds

• Distilled water does not

🔧 11. Hydraulic Lift

Make a mini lift using:

• Syringes, plastic tubes, and water

Understand:

• Liquids can't be compressed

• When you push one syringe, the water transfers pressure to the other

• Learn about force, pressure, and states of matter

🧲 12. Effect of Magnet

Make models to observe:

• A magnet attracts iron materials

• Magnets have poles (N and S)

• Like poles repel, unlike poles attract

Explore:

• Magnetic field with iron filings

• Magnetic and non-magnetic materials